Coming out of literary criticism at Yale, I have been largely influenced by the ramifications of the notion of “social constructionism” that came out of 1960’s post-structuralist theory, particularly Barthes' conceit of "myth", whereupon an arbitrary pattern of signification becomes naturalized, imbued with a patina of inevitability, and becomes emptied of the specifics of its historical subjectivity so as to be implanted with a false meaning. Emerging out of the breathtaking deceptions and wholesale carnage of fascism and Nazi-ism from World War II, poststructuralist theorists in France coming up in the 60’s and 70’s such as Derrida, Foucault, Barthes, and Kristeva nihilistically overturned foundational precepts of Western epistemology such as the infallibility of “reason” or “rationality,” a timeless, universal, self-evident “truth,” the existence of “objective knowledge,” and an unproblematic coherent “self” at the core of human experience. Translated into visual art, this poststructuralist turn meant the de-skilling of art, a shift from close-ended monolithic “works” to work as open-ended text, and a reversal of the notion that the meaning of an artwork lies in a pre-existing transcendent "essence", to, instead, being constructed by the material, social and political discourses surrounding the viewer's perception, interpretation, and reception of the work.
DIAGRAM: The above chart I have drawn diagrams the dissolution of representation within Western art, showing how Western art increasingly abandoned the depiction of “things,” became abstract, then became about the materiality of the medium itself and finally about a kinetic awareness of the space in which the art was placed and its relationship to the viewer, as well as the conditions of its institutional staging. Stage 1 pictures of “things:” Western art governed by Renaissance perspective (Alberti), resemblance, spatial and pictorial illusionism, smooth finish of the Salon painting, painting claiming to be a transparent window to the world (1400-1800’s). Stage 2 modernism: painting begins to call attention to its means of representation with broken brushwork (Cezanne, Manet), painting ‘admits’ its subjectivity, no longer claiming to be a transparent window to the world, innovative relation to form, rejection of naturalism or illusionism (i.e. Cubism) (1800’s-first half of 1900’s). Stage 3 “pure painting:” coined by Clement Greenberg, painting no longer refers to things outside of itself and is not trying to represent things in the outside world; painting distilled to its essence (“zero condition of painting”), medium specificity and flatness not depth. Stage 4 minimalism: rejects modernist idea of autonomous art object, situates art object in a time and space in relation to viewer, and marks a shift from ocular to bodily/tactile mode of apprehending art object (Serra, Judd, Morris). Minimalism is the portal, the catalyst, the turning point, or the “breakthrough” that makes possible even conceptualizing the basis for subsequent art, laying the foundation for the heydey of the 1960’s/70's avante garde: site-specific art, performance art, institutional critique, body art.
Andrea Liu is a visual art and dance critic, and poet. She has been awarded writing residencies at Museum of Fine Arts at Houston CORE Critical Studies $10,000 Fellowship (‘07-’08, visual art criticism), Atlantic Center for the Arts Residency (Master Artist: Cornelius Eady ‘07, poetry), Ox-Bow/Art Institute of Chicago Residency (’10, visual art criticism), Millay Colony Artist Residency (’10, visual art criticism), Woodstock Byrdcliffe Guild Residency (‘11, visual art criticism), New Museum Nightschool Core Participant (‘08-‘09, organized by Anton Vidokle, visual art criticism), Jacob’s Pillow Fellow ('06, dance criticism), Vermont Studio Center ('07, poetry), Wildacres Writers’ Residency (’07, poetry), and Chez Bushwick Commissioned Writer (’06, dance criticism). She has given talks at the Sculpture Center ('09), Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center ('09), Triangle Arts Workshop ('08), Ox-Bow Artist Residency ('10), Banff Centre ('06, SDHS Society of Dance History Scholars Conference), Movement Research Studies Project ('06), and Lower Manhattan Cultural Council Archetime Conference ('09). She has written for ArtUS, New York Arts Magazine, Movement Research Journal, Postmodern Culture, galeria perdida, and Journal of Aesthetics and Protest. She has book chapter contributions to Infinite Instances: Studies and Images of Time (Mark Batty Publishers, 2011) and The Swedish Dance History (Inpex, 2010). She has danced for choreographers Jennifer Monson, koosil-ja hwang, Elise Knudson, and has worked with Michael Helland. She performed/danced at Artists Space ('05), Queens Museum of Art ('06), Danspace at St. Marks Church ('06) and Chez Bushwick ('07). She received her dance training from the Limon Institute (w/Alan Danielson, studying the harnessing of extreme weight shifts, momentum and release work), Trisha Brown Summer Intensive (w/Keith Thompson, studying partnering and improvisation) and MELT. She was a literature major at Yale (BA'01) and thereafter studied literary criticism at Centre Parisien D'Etudes Critiques in Paris, France. She is curator of the project space the Naxal Belt in Bushwick.
